A good safety culture within an organisation is a pre-cursor to delivering effective performance in health and safety. Establishing such a culture is not a matter of luck but of detailed planning, coordinated action and ïbuy in’ by senior management. This paper defines what is meant by culture and why it is important. It outlines a number of external and internal drivers that need to be present when developing a safety culture. It explains the importance of leadership in embedding a safety culture and it explores the importance of risk to an organisation when considering safety culture.