This paper aims to present a comprehensive and quantifiable investment risk assessment model for railway infrastructure along the Belt and Road Initiative. The primary objectives were:- To develop an index system that integrates both data-driven and geospatial variables to reflect the political, economic, social, demand, and natural environmental risks in BRI countries.- To determine the relative weight of each risk factor using the Best Worst Method (BWM), reducing subjectivity and inconsistency in expert scoring.- To apply the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method to derive a comprehensive investment risk ranking across 60 countries.- To offer practical recommendations for Chinese railway enterprises to avoid or mitigate risk in overseas investments.
Risk Assessment of Railway Infrastructure Investment along the “Belt and Road” Based on BWM-WASPAS
