The paper describes the application of simple-yet-structured BOWTIE risk diagram to effectively manage and visualize the underlying causes and multiple consequence scenarios of highly complicated railway major risk scenarios, and most importantly to drive regular risk reviews and inspire continuous improvement in risk control measures.The train derailment scenario is used for illustration of the application of BOWTIE risk diagram and also the latest innovation and technologies to effectively manage this top-risk, which is a common and tremendous safety challenge for all railway operators.