Rapid development of technologies is a global trend. However, the progress in rail transport development implies a number of new issues, in particular related to the expansion and maintenance of railway infrastructure. Rail transport operators have to deal effectively with consequences of both the additional traffic growth and increase in operation speeds and axle loads, which in turn restrict operators’ ability to guarantee proper monitoring and measurement and, unfortunately, to ensure adequate maintenance. Still, this should not be a hindrance in providing a high level of railway traffic safety and in achieving the highest efficiency.