This paper describes several principles that could transform the future of competence management and assist in meeting the emerging challenges in developing and maintaining skills in an increasingly automated industry. With advances in technology and system reliability, it becomes more difficult to predict the types of system failures that operators may need to deal with. Rather than simply training for known, predictable failures or events, we must focus on building underlying competence, to equip safety-critical workers with the skills to deal with any situations they may face. Lessons can be drawn from other industries, including aviation, where the introduction of highly automated systems has led to similar human performance challenges.